Collaborative non-self recognition system in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility

Self-incompatibility in flowering plants prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing to generate genetic diversity. In Solanaceae, a multiallelic gene, S-locus F-box (SLF), was previously shown to encode the pollen determinant in self-incompatibility. It was postulated that an SLF allelic product specifically detoxifies its non-self S-ribonucleases (S-RNases), allelic products of the pistil determinant, inside pollen tubes via the ubiquitin-26S-proteasome system, thereby allowing compatible pollinations. However, it remained puzzling how SLF, with much lower allelic sequence diversity than S-RNase, might have the capacity to recognize a large repertoire of non-self S-RNases. We used in vivo functional assays and protein interaction assays to show that in Petunia, at least three types of divergent SLF proteins function as the pollen determinant, each recognizing a subset of non-self S-RNases. Our findings reveal a collaborative non-self recognition system in plants.     

Self-organizing map network for automatically recognizing color texture fabric nature

The method of recognizing color texture brought forth in the present study is to employ unsupervised learning network to automatically recognize the fabric type and the main texture types. Firstly, the color scanner is adopted to extract fabric image which is afterwards saved as the digital image. Secondly,CIE-Lab color model is taken to obtain the feature value and wavelet transform is utilized to display the texture of the fabric image. Thirdly, co-occurrence matrix is employed to figure out the feature values of the texture structure such as angular second moment, entropy, homogeneity, contrast. Finally, self-organizing map (SOM) network is used as the classifier. The experiment result shows that the study can automatically and accurately classify the fabric types (including shuttle-woven fabric, jersey fabric and non-woven fabric) and main texture type of the fabric (such as plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, single jersey, double jersey and non-woven fabric).     

Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular tripeptidyl peptidase from Rhizopus oligosporus

A novel extracellular tripeptidyl peptidase (TPP) was homogenously purified from the culture supernatant of Rhizopus oligosporus by sequential fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified enzyme was a 136.5 kDa dimer composed of identical subunits. The effects of inhibitors and metal ions indicated that TPP is a metallo- and serine protease. TPP was activated by divalent cations, such as Co(2+) and Mn(2+), and completely inhibited by Cu(2+). Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 7.0 and 45 °C with a specific activity of 281.9 units/mg for the substrate Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA. The purified enzyme catalyzed cleavage of various synthetic tripeptides but not when proline occupied the P1 position. Purified TPP cleaved the pentapeptide Ala-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Tyr and tripeptide Ala-Ala-Phe, confirming the TPP activity of the enzyme.     

Using Seven Types of GM (1, 1) Model to Forecast Hourly Particulate Matter Concentration in Banciao City of Taiwan

In this study, seven types of first-order and one-variable grey differential equation model (abbreviated as GM (1, 1) model) were used to predict hourly particulate matter (PM) including PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations in Banciao City of Taiwan. Their prediction performance was also compared. The results indicated that the minimum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and maximum correlation coefficient (R) was 14.10%, 25.62, 5.06, and 0.96, respectively, when predicting PM₁₀. When predicting PM_2.5, the minimum MAPE, MSE, RMSE, and maximum R value of 15.24%, 11.57, 3.40, and 0.93, respectively, could be achieved. All statistical values revealed that the predicting performance of GM (1, 1, x ⁽⁰⁾), GM (1, 1, a), and GM (1, 1, b) outperformed other GM (1, 1) models. According to the results, it revealed that GM (1, 1) GM (1, 1) was an efficiently early warning tool for providing PM information to the inhabitants.     

半日潮海区任意时刻潮流推算方法的改进

根据航运、海洋渔业及养殖业的需要，给出了半日海潮区潮流计算的几种方法，并对传统的方法进行改进，给出新的潮流推算公式，提高了计算精度并简化了查表计算过程。     

台湾西南部优势竹类箣竹根力之研究

箣竹为台湾西南部泥岩地区早期主要造林树种,约占该地区绿蔽率之80%,形成极优势之植物。近年来因竹材价格低落,竹林之经营管理减少,其更新造林及其对坡面之保育功能之评价渐受重视。因此本研究为针对箣竹其根力特性,特进行根系与根域范围调查、根段拉力与植株引拔试验等,推估其坡面保育功效。研究结果为箣竹之根段拉力强度(Y)与其直径(X)成指数正相关,而箣竹之引拔抗力(F)与其胸高直径(D)成指数正相关。     

普通小麦(T.aestivum)与八倍体小黑麦(Triticale)杂交后代的育性与减数分裂行为观察研究初报

<正> 利用普通小麦与八倍体小黑麦杂交,培育出形态学似普通小麦的次级六倍体(Sec-ondary hexaploid),是目前广泛开展的一项研究。国外,早在1939年 M(?)NTEiNG就论述了八倍体小黑麦与普通小麦杂交后代的细胞遗传,植株生活力,育性等。之后,对于小麦与小黑麦杂交后代细胞遗传的研究相继有些报道。在国... ...     

牛磺酸对黄瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

采用牛磺酸溶液培育黄瓜幼苗,牛磺酸浓度分别为10、100、500、1000、5000mg·L-1,测定牛磺酸对黄瓜幼苗生长指标和生理特性指标包括光合作用PSⅡ的光化学效率、细胞膜相对透性和膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明,适量浓度的牛磺酸处理可明显促进黄瓜幼苗的生长、增强幼苗的素质和促进壮苗的形成,并在一定程度上提高黄瓜幼苗叶片的光化学效率,降低细胞膜相对透性和膜脂过氧化产物的含量,最适处理浓度约为500mg·L-1,说明牛磺酸对黄瓜幼苗细胞膜有一定的保护作用。     

松苗立枯病的研究Ⅰ、分布损失、征状类型、病原、和栽培影响

松苗立枯病是东北地区针叶树育苗上的重要问题,其中以落叶松、樟子松、和红松等幼苗发病较重,油松和赤松等幼苗发病为轻。幼苗发病征状有土内腐死、猝倒、立枯、地上腐烂、和一、二年生大苗发生枯萎落叶等五个类型。诱致松苗发生侵染性立枯病的病菌,有 Rhizoctonia、Pythium 和 Fusarium等三种菌类,其中 Rhizoctonia 尤为主要。松苗立枯病发生的轻重与育苗措施有密切关系,地势低洼或位于山脚下坡的苗圃或苗床,一般发病较重。种子经雪藏混砂催芽处理后,能提早种子萌芽、出土和齐苗,有降低发病程度的作用。光照多少对幼苗发病有影响。根据苗圃的调查观察,全光育苗发病率低,遮蔭育苗发病率高;但在沈阳试验结果还不能证实这一点,相反的半遮蔭育苗要好些。     

广州地区豌豆黄顶病和武汉地区蚕豆黄顶病的病原病毒初步鉴定

广州地区豌豆黃顶病每年在11月开始发生,发病率一般很低,但个別田块可达50％以上。病株頂部叶片黄化,縮小,皺縮卷曲,叶质脆,植株矮縮,不开花結莢,最后发生丛枝現象,植株很快枯死。武汉地区蚕豆黄頂病每年在苗期(11月)开始发生,发病率約1—5％,翌年4、5月流行,发病率輕的为5—10％,重的达80—100％。症状和广州地区的豌豆黄頂病基本相同。